Hard Disk Drives (simply HDD) are different when it comes to servers. This segment has higher standards and requirements compared to regular home usage thus you need to pay more attention when choosing the right Hard Disk Drive for a server.
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In this article we will consider the basic types of hard drives for servers: how they differ and whether they should be necessarily from the server manufacturer's brand. Server hard drive should be always ready to respond to many requests with minimal latency and to provide a high level of data integrity.
Hard drive capacities have continued to grow over the years; today's 3.5-inch hard drives max out around 10TB, and 2.5-inch drives hover around 4TB. Form factor-Because SATA hard drives have spinning parts, they can be only so small. For desktop devices, they generally measure 3.5 inches, and for laptops, 2.5 inches. High performance 2.5″ 7,200rpm hard drives: The Best 1TB 7200rpm 2.5″ Laptop Hard Drive: 1. Seagate ST1000LM049 1TB 7200rpm. Top notch performance and a solid 5 years warranty. – Amazon – B&H ($66.25) AVOID: SMR Drives: – Seagate ST2000LM015 – WD WD20SPZX. These two hard drives use SMR technology.
- The FAST 2016 paper Flash Reliability in Production. High-end SLC drives are no more reliable that MLC drives. This mirrors hard drive experience, where consumer SATA drives have been.
- I'm looking for the most reliable 2tb or 3tb drive I can buy. I'm looking at conventional drives as a 2tb SSD would be completely out of my buget. I have seen some articles about 8tb server hard drives, but that doesn't cover 2.5' so it's not really the best guide to follow.
Server hard drive works almost 24/7/365. It constantly reads and writes data thus it should provide minimal latency, maximum reliability, and decent speed and performance. Here are the most important server Hard Disk Drive requirements:
- Reliability — unrecoverable data loss can result in multi-million dollar and reputational losses;
- Performance — servers are designed to handle multiple requests that need to be processed quickly;
- Response Time — users don't have to wait for an HDD to 'wake up' and process their requests.
How to Choose Right HDD for Your Servers?
First, let us talk about primary categories in which you can choose a specific model for your server. Modern servers nowadays use the following types of HDDs:
- SATA. Operating speed varies between 5400 RPM and 7200 RPM. These drives are almost the same as regular consumer-oriented HDDs. Solid options include
- SATA RAID Edition or SATA RE. The operating speed is 7200 RPM. These drives support special RAID-controller commands.
- SAS. A special type of HDD with extremely high speed (up to 15 000 RPM) for storing frequently used data. Consider something like
At first you need to decide what type of the connection interface you want — SATA or SAS.
SATA or SAS?
The SATA interface is a further modification of the IDE, which was later renamed to PATA. This interface is initially focused for the use on home computers as well as industrial systems with moderate requirements for performance and reliability. At the same time, SAS is the successor of the classic server SCSI interface.
Initially SAS interface has more bandwidth than SATA. But in the 3-rd generation, SATA III has a maximum bandwidth of 6 Gb/s, as well as the second generation of SAS. Nowadays servers with a third-generation SAS-controller is available, with a bandwidth up to 12 Gb/s.
For connection, SAS-disk server must be equipped with the appropriate controller. This provides backward compatibility interfaces to SAS-controller can be connected to the SATA-drives, and makes vice versa impossible.
Hp easy scan windows 10 descargar. SAS provides full-duplex communication: the hard drive handle two commands at the same time (one read and one write command), and SATA-drive — either to read or write. But this advantage is noticeable only in case you are using large number of disks, if you compare SAS NL and SATA RE.
If we'll take a look from intermediate results point of view, SATA-drives are good for creating bulk storage, which is not require maximum performance. And in case you need a fast disk subsystem, your best choice is SAS.
Avoid Regular Consumer-based HDDs
Sure, those are much cheaper and affordable, but they are not designed for use in servers. There are few solid reasons why it is so. For example, an ordinary HDD has much lower vibration resistance. In other words, the shock that server-grade HDD can withstand without any damage may destroy an HDD for home use. In addition to that, regular HDDs have a high level of non-recoverable errors and do not support RAID-controller commands.
READ ALSOChoosing RAM for PC: Purchasing GuideAt the same time, do not fall into extremes. A typical HDD will work just fine in a home-made NAS, so don't spend tons of money on a server-grade drive just to create small server storage for your children's pictures or home videos.
Server hard drives have many advantages comparing to regular ones:
- The reinforced spindle shaft is more resistant to shock and vibrations.
- Additional vibration control.
- A special technology significantly increases positioning accuracy and the height of the flight above the heads.
- Rich self-diagnostics software provides timely notifications about imminent disk failure.
Non-recoverable Error Level
Another important difference between the server hard drives is the level of unrecoverable errors. Ordinary SATA is about 10-14. It means that when overwriting 2 TB drive 6 times, you will almost 100% get one unrecoverable error. This is not a problem for home-use, but if you need to overwrite an important database each month, then bad things start to happen. For SAS disks level of non-recoverable error even lower — it is 10-16, for SATA RE/SAS NL — 10-15.
SAS drive provides a lower error rate thanks to an additional 8 bytes of data used for verification. In addition to that, it has advanced reading and recovery algorithms.
For example, the following table contains the value of the probability of error on rebuild for the different types of drives configured in RAID Level 5 array:
600 GB Drive1 TB DriveSATA drives24%40%SATA RE / SAS NL2,4%4%SAS0,24%0,4%Note. Fat32 flash drive. Potential for error is proportional to the number of drives into a RAID-array.
How Does SAS-disk Provide a Lower Error Rate?
- The size of the sector on the SATA-disks — 512 bytes, on SAS-drives — 520 bytes. Additional 8 bytes are used for parity verification;
- Other reading algorithms;
- Advanced data recovery algorithms without controller.
Drive Form Factor (Drive Size)
Drive form factor directly determines the capacity of your server and energy efficiency. Currently, only two disk sizes are available: 3.5″ and 2.5″, also known as LFF and SFF.
3.5″ is the most widely used size. It allows you to place the maximum amount of data. 4 TB 3.5″ hard drives (such as
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2.5″ is a common size for laptop HDD and a regular SATA-based SSD, although these drives are only one inch smaller in size, they use much less power compared to their big brothers. Currently, the maximum volume these drives is around 2TB (for example, take a look at
READ ALSOHow to Choose Power Supply for PC?Drive's Capacity
This is the most important spec of every drive, no matter whether it is HDD or SSD, home-use or enterprise-grade. 3.5' drives store up to 14 TB data (for example,
Classification of the Hard Disks
In order to summarize all these aspects and simplify the choice of customers, the manufacturer often defines several classes for hard drives:
Economic (ECO) — disks in this class have a low price per unit. The level of performance and reliability of these drives determines their purpose for entry-level systems. They should be used in non-critical areas with low I/O loads and moderate speed requirements. High loads can lead to a deterioration in their reliability. ECO drives run at 5400 or 7200 rpm and usually have a SATA interface.
Business Critical (BC) or Nearline — disks in this class offer high capacity with a minimum cost per 1 GB. They are designed to provide good performance and suitable reliability. Depending on the implementation of the server, 'BC-disks' can be equipped with SAS or SATA interfaces and have a speed of 7200 rpm.
Enterprise (EP) — disks of this class provide maximum performance and reliability. They are designed to cope with the maximum workload. This class uses the SAS interface and has a rotational speed of 10,000 and 15,000 rpm.
SSD Enterprise Performance / Mainstream — these drives offer the best performance and durability in the SSD segment and are thus ideally suited for use in systems with high demands on I/O. Enterprise Performance SSDs (SLC or MLC technologies) offer better I/O performance with the SAS interface. In contrast, Enterprise Mainstream SDD (MLC technology) has a SATA interface and is more affordable.
For these tasks, it is preferable to use SSD on a Marvel chip, for example, some Crucial SSDs (
Choosing the Brand
Finally, the most important question: do you need to buy a brand drives? There is no secret that HP, IBM and DELL do not produce hard drives. They buy them from third-party manufacturers, and then test them, reflash and put their logos on them.
One hand, these drives have several advantages:
- Firmware considers features of controllers of various server models;
- Additional quality control and stress tests reduce the probability of purchasing drives with hidden defects;
- Vendor warranty and full support is available for the brand drives;
But 'native' hard drives are about two or three times more expensive than the same model, but with the logos of non-native manufacturers – you can purchase
As the practice shows, the 'non-native' hard drives operate without difficulties on:
- HP servers — at least from Gen 6;
- IBM servers — at least with the M2 generation;
- DELL servers — from 10 generations.
According to the statistics, most reliable are Hitachi drives. In second place Western Digital, on the third – Seagate.
Сheck Your Warranty
If you decided not to buy 'non-native' hard drive, at first you must ask the seller: who provides the warranty? It is the fact, that many stores do not provide a guarantee on the hard disks, referring to the manufacturer's warranty. But there is a subtle point: for example, some models of Seagate warranty period starts from the date of production. So do not exclude the situation that you can purchase a brand new drive, which is over the manufacturer warranty.
Before purchasing, you can check the warranty of specific instances on the manufacturers' websites:
- Seagate:
- Western Digital:
- Hitachi:
Conclusion
When choosing a hard drive, at first you need to pay attention to the tasks that are going to be performed by the server:
- In case you don't need a high-speed access and reliable data storage, and the number of discs will not exceed 4, we strongly recommend you choose the SATA RAID Edition drives. This is a great choice for low-cost entry-level servers, that serving a small number of users;
- If the server holds the database or the number of disks in the array will be 5 or more, it is better to choose SAS NL. Often, these discs are placed in servers that are used in medium-sized companies: under the accounting system, CMS, corporate repositories;
- If you need the maximum performance and/or reliability of data storage (for example, in the processing of financial transactions), your best choice is SAS Enterprise drives. It's good for high-servers with a large number of users as well as for systems, which are operating with the most important data;
- In some cases, when you need to make a compromise choice, you can simultaneously use a mix of SAS + SATA drives for one server (you can also use SSD SATA drives);
To increase the reliability of the disk subsystem, it's desirable to use disks from different parties on a single server in a RAID array.
AuthorRecent PostsCyril KardashevskyI enjoy technology and developing websites. Since 2012 I'm running a few of my own websites, and share useful content on gadgets, PC administration and website promotion.Most Reliable External Hard Drive
Latest posts by Cyril KardashevskyMost Reliable 2 5 Hard Drive 2016 Honda
(see all)Backblaze has released its data set for the full year 2018 and there are some surprises in it this time around. Annual failure rates for drives have fallen sharply in comparison with previous years as smaller-capacity HDDs have been replaced by higher-capacity counterparts. This isn't automatically what you'd expect.
The Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) has fallen every year since 2016, from 1.95 percent to 1.25 percent. That's a significant decline. Importantly, while this trend doesn't hold true for every drive family, there are multiple HDDs that show lower AFRs in 2018 than in 2016. Seagate's 10TB drive family has been particularly good, with a 0.33 percent AFR for 2018, improving on the already-low 0.89 percent AFR for 2017.
For those of you wanting an AFR comparison that stretches back farther than 2016, Backblaze has provided that data as well. The following is the AFR rating for HDDs from 4/20/2013 through 12/31/2018 for all drives still active as of 12/31/2018.
HGST drives continue to impress as far as overall AFR rates and this isn't the first year that's been true. Overall, these are some of the most reliable drives over time that Backblaze has tested. Adobe acrobat professional for pc. The complete AFR rate over all five years is 1.68 percent — higher than the 2018 data alone, but still within a very reasonable window.
The Caveats
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- Seagate:
- Western Digital:
- Hitachi:
Conclusion
When choosing a hard drive, at first you need to pay attention to the tasks that are going to be performed by the server:
- In case you don't need a high-speed access and reliable data storage, and the number of discs will not exceed 4, we strongly recommend you choose the SATA RAID Edition drives. This is a great choice for low-cost entry-level servers, that serving a small number of users;
- If the server holds the database or the number of disks in the array will be 5 or more, it is better to choose SAS NL. Often, these discs are placed in servers that are used in medium-sized companies: under the accounting system, CMS, corporate repositories;
- If you need the maximum performance and/or reliability of data storage (for example, in the processing of financial transactions), your best choice is SAS Enterprise drives. It's good for high-servers with a large number of users as well as for systems, which are operating with the most important data;
- In some cases, when you need to make a compromise choice, you can simultaneously use a mix of SAS + SATA drives for one server (you can also use SSD SATA drives);
To increase the reliability of the disk subsystem, it's desirable to use disks from different parties on a single server in a RAID array.
AuthorRecent PostsCyril KardashevskyI enjoy technology and developing websites. Since 2012 I'm running a few of my own websites, and share useful content on gadgets, PC administration and website promotion.Most Reliable External Hard Drive
Latest posts by Cyril KardashevskyMost Reliable 2 5 Hard Drive 2016 Honda
(see all)Backblaze has released its data set for the full year 2018 and there are some surprises in it this time around. Annual failure rates for drives have fallen sharply in comparison with previous years as smaller-capacity HDDs have been replaced by higher-capacity counterparts. This isn't automatically what you'd expect.
The Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) has fallen every year since 2016, from 1.95 percent to 1.25 percent. That's a significant decline. Importantly, while this trend doesn't hold true for every drive family, there are multiple HDDs that show lower AFRs in 2018 than in 2016. Seagate's 10TB drive family has been particularly good, with a 0.33 percent AFR for 2018, improving on the already-low 0.89 percent AFR for 2017.
For those of you wanting an AFR comparison that stretches back farther than 2016, Backblaze has provided that data as well. The following is the AFR rating for HDDs from 4/20/2013 through 12/31/2018 for all drives still active as of 12/31/2018.
HGST drives continue to impress as far as overall AFR rates and this isn't the first year that's been true. Overall, these are some of the most reliable drives over time that Backblaze has tested. Adobe acrobat professional for pc. The complete AFR rate over all five years is 1.68 percent — higher than the 2018 data alone, but still within a very reasonable window.
The Caveats
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I've written a version of this for every Backblaze post we do, so here's the latest. Backblaze's data set is not perfect. The company uses consumer drives in a decidedly enterprise context, which doesn't remotely reflect the usage patterns these drives would receive if they were being used by an ordinary customer. It constructs and maintains its own storage pods and has iterated on these designs over time, often with improvements intended to reduce vibration or noise. This could also theoretically have an impact on drive reliability. As the video below illustrates, hard drives don't like it when you scream at them. Always make certain to communicate with your spinning media in a thoughtful, calm voice.
The reason we continue to discuss and feature Backblaze's data set is the same reason we refer to the Steam Hardware Survey. We know the data sets are imperfect — the SHS's list of video cards doesn't include multiple AMD GPUs like Vega 56 or 64 and only added the RX 570 last month. The total number of 'Other' GPUs listed is 10.92 percent — more than enough to meaningfully impact the AMD versus Nvidia split listed at the top level of the page. But while these data sets are imperfect, they're also the best window we have into an important question. HDD manufacturers do not release the kind of reliability information that HDD consumers often want and the handful of third-party studies on the topic frequently don't identify drive vendors or models.
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